Crowlers and Growlers are a great way to enjoy great craft beer at a social event, outdoor adventure, on the golf course, or right at home. The Brass Tap announced this week that Tim Dean and Kimberly Button. ” The Growler USA microbrew pub craft beer franchise model changes that by leading the nation in craft beer offerings. Whether you’re looking to open a craft beer franchise or just grab some beer after work with a flavorful taste, you’ll want to pay attention to the subtle (and not. Here’s what to know. Twitter. The Casual Pint Craft Beerstro began its journey in 2011 as a family-owned neighborhood craft beer market based in Knoxville, Tennessee. It's more than ABV and IBUs. All Categories ; Automotive ; Beauty & Fitness ;. 6% of the US retail beer market. Submit Request. Passion for Craft Beer, Beer Education & People (must have a base knowledge & understanding of beer and customer service) Desire to work for yourself $10. Available Nationwide . Some trends include the need for re-branding, contactless technology, demand for quality beers, sour beers, and industrial diversity. $350,000. It has all the hallmarks of an underdog story, including the satisfying win for the little guy. brewery franchise the success it is today, and we’ve done it together. We want to see all Bohemian Bull franchisees succeed, and we believe payment of your initial beer restaurant and bar franchise costs will put you in a favorable position to do just that. ” The Growler USA microbrew pub craft beer franchise model changes that by leading the nation in craft beer offerings. All our food is made from scratch by hand and baked-to-order. The upfront investment of any franchise opportunity includes several fees. Learn about the benefits of owning a Bohemian Bull Tavern & Beer Garden franchise over a traditional brewery franchise. Contact us about opportunities to own one of the premiere craft beer franchises! We have both a USA Franchising and International Franchising team available at all times. In fact, the company was one of only two burger. The Brass Tap business model has been designed as a Premium Beer Experience offering a range of 60-80 craft beers on tap, along with more than 300 varieties of imports, local craft beers and a selection of premium wines and cigars. Microbrews and craft beers are more popular than ever, with more than 3,000 small batch breweries currently operating in the U. closed out another great year with more flavorful craft beer and some incredible brewery franchise achievements. Investment from $1,280,000 . The news we broke earlier this week in the Tallahassee Democrat. Request Info. The Brass Tap is not a restaurant, but truly a bar with 65%-70% of sales from alcohol. Excited by the appreciation and the keen interest that many are taking to home brewing and crafted beers. Food and Beverage Industry Experience Preferred. Pontiac Shot N Beer Bar with Property $300,000. In terms of the number of brewers and the amount of craft beer produced, the laws have a significant impact. Offices – 35000. [email protected] craft beer franchise Growler USA is kicking off summer with fresh, new limited time craft beer and food dishes. Within this total number, craft brewer volume sales grew 8%, which gave small and independent brewers’ sales a rise of 13. operator of brewery and craft-beer focused casual dining restaurants. Note: Has included Catawba Valley Brewing Company, which was purchased by Made. 4, 2022 at 5:04 PM. If you have an entrepreneurial spirit and are excited about sharing. Adrian, MI . We feature over 1300 selections of imported and domestic wines, as well as a classroom for tastings and more! Min. For nearly 50 years, franchise law surrounding the brewing. Our new all-in-one POS system offers an affordable cloud-based platform. These laws have significant effects on the number of brewers and amount of craft beer produced. Franchising since: 2012. 🍻 At Voodoo Brewing Co, we believe in the power of. The projected range for a single start-up franchise of our smallest concept ranges from $335,859 to $617,300 and the projected range for a single start-up. Over the past five years The Brass Tap concept has proven its ability to lead a category filled with abundant opportunities. Here’s what to know. ECOgate - Production of Preventive Disinfection Systems Franchise. /Apalachicola, Fla. Major legislation leading to the growth of New York’s Craft brewing industry includes: • Beer Franchise Law: In 2012 Governor Cuomo singed legislation allowing small brewers the ability to terminate their relationship with a wholesaler. Voodoo Brewing. — Hospitality quality and data technology company BarTrack announces an ongoing partnership with the national craft beer franchise. Popular craft beer franchise plans to expand to Manatee County. Statistical analysis in the same study shows that implementation of beer franchise laws greatly contributes to this difference and causes a significant reduction in the. Hissho Sushi & Craft Beer Bar. Capitalizing on the craft beer franchise market along with a fast, casual restaurant experience has become a billion. Since not all breweries can or bottle every beer they make, this is a great way to enjoy a pint by the pool, or in the comfort of your own home. In 2012, FSC Franchise Co. A craft beer franchise is a profitable business opportunity available to entrepreneurs of all backgrounds. / Charleston, S. Why Choose Hissho Sushi & Craft Beer Bar? As a Hissho Sushi franchisee, you will run and grow your business as. The craft beer chain’s expected AUV is on track to further this increasing trend, thanks to favorable franchise regard by consumers and an expansion into key markets. Average of 22. $300,000 . Craft Beer CellarFranchise. Ford’s Garage, a budding burger-and-craft-beer franchise that gives the vibe of being in a 1920’s service station, is targeting the Charlotte metro area as part of its next wave of expansion. You might be able to receive letters in bottles from corporate telling you about the latest update, but you can’t necessarily have your voice heard by anyone there. Well Crafted. 19 years of double-digit growth give craft beer 22% of the $105. ABOUT; OPPORTUNITY; SUPPORT; FAQs; PRESS; BLOG; CALL TODAY. In 2018, craft beer sales were up 4%, and retail dollar sales up 7%. Krishna Agro Food & Beverages is the pioneer in the manufacturing of non-alcoholic beer, whiskey, rum and brandy in India. Burger chain McDonald's had U. Home of the Original Buffalo Wing and part of food history. Have you thought about becoming a craft beer Franchise Owner but are a little wary of the profitability of craft beer? Although craft beer has certainly gained monumental popularity over the last decade, we assure you – the hype isn’t slowing down. Franchising since: 2019. Production facility has the capacity to produce. S. A beer garden, taken from the German “biergarten,” is an open-air space where beer and food are served. The Beer Growler , which specializes in draft beer to go, currently has eight. Macadoodles is a fine wine, beer, and spirits store with world class customer service. Franchise units: 39 Initial investment: from $781,000 Franchise Fee: $37,500 Royalty Fees: 4% Brass Tap is not just a craft beer bar. 9. FC: Describe the Growler USA franchise concept. High quality products, well-thought-out business concept and a successful marketing made Growler USA microbrew pub franchise one of the leaders on the market. By February 3, 2016. Craft Beer Franchise? We thought weʼd lay out some of the best reasons for you to invest in a Voodoo Brewing Co. This has resulted in a growing demand for craft beer in the US food industry, where it is sought after for food pairing. Report this postFranchise Hissho Sushi & Craft Beer Bar; Updated 15 february 2021. November 15, 2023 5:30 AM Health News Supplies alone won’t save Gaza hospital patients and evacuation. “The best part of owning a Mr Brews Taphouse franchise is knowing you have tremendous support, a strong concept, and the best craft burgers and beer selections in the business. In Growler USA microbrew. Craft Beer Franchise? We thought weʼd lay out some of the best reasons for you to invest in a Voodoo Brewing Co. This brewery. Steve Sheets, who owns The Brass Tap in Round Rock, Texas, will open his second location at The Triangle in Austin on August 4. Perfectly packaged. sales of approximately $35. The new menu items stem from Growler USA’s partnership with Escondido, Ca based Stone Brewing, the 10th largest craft brewer in the nation. 9 Billion US beer market. MrBeast Burger is a virtual concept created by YouTuber Jimmy Donaldson (aka MrBeast) and Robert Earl with 300 locations across 35 states. Demand for craft beer still vastly exceeds consumption because, according to an October, 2015, report from research firm Mintel, “only 10% of beer drinkers consider craft beer easy to find. 94 breweries per million people in states with franchise laws. $200,000 . VIEW FRANCHISE FOR SALE CATEGORIES IN MICHIGAN . $100,000. Flavor Room started from a passion for premium flavors in the Craft Beer & Artisan Sauce. There are now 33 states and counting that allow beer and wine delivery. com Lead. 3 billion craft beer industry is forecasted to grow by 15. The Brass Tap is a Florida-based franchise best known for its more than 300 craft beers, premium wines, and live music. Today we have locations operating in six cities across three states. We. Statistical analysis in the same study shows that implementation of beer franchise laws greatly contributes to this difference and causes a significant reduction in the. Name. Global Brew Tap House. One example is 1974’s Ohio Alcoholic Beverages Franchise Act. Its creation is a craft; hundreds of years old and still evolving. Quick Summary. Making and drinking craft beer is fun, but at Voodoo beer franchise we also love to give back to the communities that support us in any way we can. Cult-like following with 40,000+ social media followers; Top 50 Brewery and winner of multiple awards “Anti-Franchise” franchise that embraces individuality and celebrates the non-traditional. Those breweries, which include the Boston Beer Company’s production facility in Breinigsville, which produced 3. Cash Required: $350,000. Society Wine Bar franchise is four businesses in one: a wine and craft beer bar, a retail shop, wine classes and a monthly subscription-based wine club. Native Grill & Wings - Restaurant Franchise. The brand opened its doors in Edwardsville, Illinois, in February 2011. 1 Growth rate among craft. Wendy Clark-Wolfe is no rookie in the world of franchises. Each one of our restaurants has over 100 craft beers. Facebook;. In Growler USA microbrew pubs. Both distributors and brewers have legitimate positions. The prospect of establishing more craft beer serving outlets in major cities in Maharashtra keeps him occupied and is exhilarated by the responsiveness of more individuals being open to experimenting with different craft beers. Facebook Instagram Linkedin. Craft Beer Franchise. Craft-beer bars. We work directly with the best local brewers and typically buy full batches. 1 Lakhs. *At this time, we do require a 3-pack minimum. Global Brew Tap House. We pride ourselves on our royalties and marketing fund being the lowest in our industry. Available Nationwide. A: According to our research, American craft breweries have a 24. Established: 2011. In 2021, US beer volume sales were up 1%, according to The Brewer’s Association. Franchisor Details. This 1997 Anheuser-Busch franchise agreement shows how distributors have always put Big Beer first. Our simple seven-step process keeps things on track. To buy a franchise with The Brass Tap Craft Beer Bar, you'll need to have at least $250000 in liquid capital and a minimum net worth of $500000. Pursuant to Massachusetts General Law Chapter 138 Section 25E, any brewery (or distillery or vineyard for that matter) that sells its product to a distributor for a six-month periodRead More It’s a great day for craft beer in Massachusetts. The Ohio House of Representatives will hear the craft brewing community’s concerns over a nearly 50-year-old state law. If there’s one thing you probably know about Voodoo Brewery, it’s that we’re not the type of craft beer franchise that is afraid to stand up for what’s right. Ben: To be considered for a Voodoo craft beer franchise, you must have a minimum net worth of $450,000 and $150,000 in liquid capital. Franchise Opportunity. 5 billion dollar retail industry. They also offer financing via 3rd party as well as a discount for veterans. The Franchise Insiders "Inside Scoop" Podcast: THIS WEEK, learn about why people invested in Voodoo Brewery, Accelerated Waste Solutions, That 1 Painter, and…Currently enjoying Tom Acitelli’s Audacity of Hops, an occasionally breathless but incessantly fascinating gallop through the past 50 years or so of American craft beer history. Rhinegeist Brewery has been open for 9 years in its Over-the-Rhine location. The influx of craft beer into pop culture over the last few years has been nearly impossible to miss. Launched in 2008 in Wesley Chapel, Florida, The Brass Tap was founded by three partners from the restaurant world as a place for beer lovers to enjoy local craft beer. Pizza is one of the most important foods in America,. What began as a love for the intersect of locally-sourced craft beer and gourmet burgers has now. Company plans call for opening as many as five restaurants in Nashville, and 2-3 restaurants across each of the Memphis and Knoxville metro areas. Cash Investment: $90,000 : Investment Range: $346,500 - $684,500. DAILYBEER is the largest craft beer franchise in the world. No. Popular craft beer franchise plans to expand to Manatee County. World of Beer is a premiere craft beer and restaurant franchise established all around the World. Currently, the average time for a new Voodoo brewpub to be open and operating is around 9 months from the date of signing the franchise agreement. Restaurant Type: Shaved-ice trucks Initial Investment: $123,150 Number of Franchises: 1,000+ Regions Served: All of United States, and some international Unique Benefits: Quick startup, low overhead, patented “Flavorwave” self-serve system Kona Ice is a fast-growing food truck franchise that you have probably. Our franchises like to keep the restaurants independent, featuring the local craft beer, spirits, and food from the area. Because the majority of craft beer styles are considered “ale” by Texas standards, HB 1922 arguably played a critical role in making possible the “tour + tasting” model that Texas craft brewers relied on until the 2013 legalization of taproom sales. Orion Food Systems - Food Franchise. Ford’s Garage, a budding burger-and-craft-beer franchise inspired by Henry Ford himself, has set its sights on Tennessee for its next wave of expansion. The projected range for a single start-up franchise of our smallest concept ranges from $335,859 to $617,300 and the projected range for a single start-up. Co-owners Ridham Bhatt, Kirat Shahiwala, and Ravi Patel decided to shift. 8. The burger-and-craft-beer franchise that gives the vibe of being in a 1920's service station has opened its newest restaurants in Norwood, Ohio and Daytona, Florida. Growler USA Taps into another Franchise. Since the early days, craft brewers have advocated for the right to distribute their own products. These are beer, hospitality, and education. Brass Tap business model is quite nimble. Franchising since: 2008. The $33. Ramen, tapas, craft beer. November 15, 2023 5:30 AM Health News Supplies alone won’t save Gaza hospital patients and evacuation. This franchise may not be registered in all registration states and may not offer franchises to residents of those states or to persons wishing to locate a franchise in those states until compliance guidelines are met. Investments $425,000. Flavor Room Franchise. With a presence from coast to coast, Voodoo Brewing’s 18 locations span eight states and include several independently owned and operated locations. Discover the importance of community and quality in the craft beer industry. One of its popular gourmet hot dogs is the Free Bird, which is a turkey dog topped with avocado, tomato, smoked bacon, and miso ranch. 15—MANATEE COUNTY — A new player is coming to the craft beer scene in the Bradenton area. C. The Brass Tap, a craft beer and bar franchise based in Tampa, Fla. She is mom to 2 teenage boys and 2 hound dogs, a staunch subscriber to the mantra "work hard, play harder" (preferably with beer in hand!), and firmly committed to The Casual Pint having a large, positive impact on the. North Carolina, and Asheville in particular, is quickly becoming a popular vacation destination for craft beer fans. Teriyaki Madness ; Hummus Republic ;. Franchise Information & Fees. Oct 19, 2023. Crowlers are a sealed 32oz can that. A craft beer franchise is a profitable business opportunity available to entrepreneurs of all backgrounds. November 15, 2023 5:30 AM Health News Supplies alone won’t save Gaza hospital patients and evacuation. Start Your Own Craft Beer Franchise… Change the Blueprint of Your Neighborhood. S. Chad Wilson, Canton World of Beer owner, said. Beer Love. Ben “got lucky when he found a business involving his love for beer,” says his wife Julie. The business is exploding. REAL ESTATE INCLUDED. $300,000 . In a world of “big box” brands, craft beer sought to innovate much like Your Pie—by highlighting community, culture, and craftsmanship to connect with people in a new way with. C. The friends and business partners also wanted World of Beer to be a local gathering place. Nearly 250 craft breweries are brewing beer in British Columbia, including these 10 stellar recommendations for American visitors. To be considered a craft brewer in the U. The Casual Pint craft beer market, which got its start in. beer. Craft Beer Cellar offers franchise opportunities in the booming craft beer industry with an estimated investment of $50k-$150k. Inspired by America’s fastest-growing industry, craft beer, Growler USA introduces a new franchise concept: The Microbrew Pub. Nov. Perfectly packaged. Franchise History. com Lead. Quick Summary. The Brass Tap is an upscale beer bar that offers 40-60 different craft beers on tap, more than 300 varieties of imports, and local craft beers. Tim's Wine Market. Learn about brewery franchises for sale at Franchising. S. Find out how we can help you get the most out of your investments! Visit. We added 15 new franchise owners, some with multiple units in nine territories in nine states,. Massachusetts brewers descended on Beacon Hill last week to continue their almost decade-long fight to liberate their beer from the draconian franchise law holding them hostage. Here is the top 74 best Bar and Pub Franchises you can start in USA: 1. Here’s what to know. 440. 5 Lawyer to Bar Owner: Entrepreneur Invests in Second Brass Tap Franchise Location 08-28-2023 | 8:09AM. Franchise Directory; Voodoo Brewery; Craft Beer Franchise Stands Up For Social Justice. We are one of the fastest growing bbq franchises, winner of best southern BBQ franchise, and expanding rapidly. 1901. The cost of the beer includes raw materials, direct labor, and overhead of the brewing operation. Here is the top 74 best Bar and Pub Franchises you can start in USA: 1. Our straightforward. It also sells a variety of merchandise. The brand is looking to work with proven, multi-site operators to bring BrewDog to your country and to open iconic bars in the best locations. Voodoo Brewing Co. Short information. By Gary Dzen Globe Staff,December 23, 2013, 12:00 a. This. , is opening a location in Rockwall on Monday, Sept. S. – Ford Motor Company has quite a rich history as one of America’s. The Brass Tap, a craft beer and bar franchise based in Tampa, Fla. Comprehensive support and training. Business Ownership and Employee Management Experience Preferred. He is the ideal candidate to bring Voodoo Brewing Co. The gourmet burger restaurant’s relaunch is an effort to better represent its high quality food with a refreshed menu, crew uniforms, website, and craft. View a database of state laws impacting craft brewers including Franchise Laws, Growler Laws, Self-Distribution, and State Excise Tax Rates. Tom’s prior franchise development work has centered on new market expansions in countries like Poland, Korea, Pacific Islands, Hawaii, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, New Caledonia, and Vietnam. Facebook;. The first location started with 11 taps of craft beer, 300. Q: I have no idea how to brew beer. From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023, no less than 60% of the hops and 60% of all other ingredients must. serves the highest-quality products through four unique dining and retail revenue streams. TAMPA, Fla. Get started. We also ask that our candidates have at least $200,000 in liquid capital and a net worth of $450,000 or higher. 000 Franchise Fee 2% Royalties $45,000 - $100,000 initial investment, including Franchise Fee (finacial variable for location, size, etc. 1901. Broomfield, CO. Kate Baker and. to Columbia, SC, where the craft beer scene is desperate for a new kid on the block. $4,700,000 . In Leisa’s words, opening a Voodoo craft beer franchise is a great chance to work with Vinny as her partner both in life and in business, and sees their new venture as a chance to reignite her passion for learning. REAL ESTATE INCLUDED. The brand has three main values. In a March, 2016, article titled Franchise the Unexpected: 4 Franchisors Thinking Ahead, Growler USA was named by Entrepreneur as one of its four as “one of the most interesting newcomers” in franchising, in part because Growler USA is the only franchise concept 100% committed to the American craft beer movement. Analysts estimate the industry’s 5-year CAGR at 19%, and believe growth can continue for another 20 years. We added 15 new franchise owners, some with multiple units in nine territories in nine states, including Texas, Indiana, and Tennessee, among many others across the country. It’s no secret that monstrously large, multinational beverage and brewing corporations pretty much bully around American wholesalers — and then. Investments $ 412,750. . Tap Your Profit Potential with this Craft Beer Franchise. How does it differ from other craft beer franchises? DW: Because of the immense popularity and skyrocketing growth of the product, many franchise concepts use “craft beer” as an attention getter in their advertising, tagline, or elevator pitch. Same Owner 35 Years, Open 7 days Noon-2:30 Has possible Coney Island set up Gross $10,000/month. Global Brew is a community of craft beer lovers and home to 50 beers on tap with an. Year Brand Started – 2007. Our selections (including shareables) elevate expectations within the category by putting a premium upscale twist on classic favorites. restaurants nationwide by 2024 . World of Beer, a craft beer franchise touting 600 different brews from about 30 countries, has chosen Canton for one of its first Michigan taverns. Georgia lacks fair franchise laws that govern how a small brewer enters into a relationship with a distributor. Launched in 2008 in Wesley Chapel, Florida, The Brass Tap was founded by three partners from the restaurant world as a place for beer lovers to enjoy local craft beer. VIEW RESTAURANT & FOOD FRANCHISES FOR SALE IN MICHIGAN . Private Equity-Owned Brass Taps Cashes In On Craft Beer (Tampa, FL) – In June 2012, FSC Franchise Co. Already open in Wellington, the next location will be in Plantation Walk. I find that passage of beer franchise laws in states that restrict brewers from distributing their products to retailersBased on the incredible response received, we opened a second location in O’Fallon, Illinois, in June 2012 that proudly serves as the prototype for our Global Brew craft beer franchise. As a franchise, it has taken off not simply because Americans love beer--consuming about 21 gallons. It’s a lot like brewing craft beer — when you hit on just the right blend of ingredients, something special happens. 91 breweries per million people—far more than the 15. One of the legal battles referenced in the article was a lawsuit Craft Beer Cellar filed against Glassdoor. 1 million barrels of beer last year and generated $5. Meeting the Voodoo team during his Approval Day was a big part of the process, and he doesn’t mince his words: “As a previous greasy car salesman, I can smell a greasy car salesman and a rotten deal from a mile away. The Brass Tap doesn't do your typical. Ford’s Garage – a burger and craft beer franchise inspired by Ford Motor Co. Investment from $59,500. With over 3200 breweries in the United States today, the craft beer industry is continuing to grow in popularity. The target size Craft Beer Cellar is 900 — 1600 square feet. March 2, 2023. The information presented is not legal advice, is not to be. Hospitality quality and data technology company BarTrack announced an ongoing partnership with the national craft beer franchise Voodoo Brewing Company. There is enormous potential for growth in this $100 billion dollar industry, as Craft Beer. He is the ideal candidate to bring Voodoo Brewing Co. We are an ideal bar franchise option for ease of execution. 91 breweries per million people—far more than the 15. Initial investment: From Rs 2 Cr. In the years since, the budding burger-and-craft-beer franchise has expanded to include a total of 16 locations, including 14 in Florida and one each in Indiana and Michigan. Millions of park visitors will be able to get their hands on a nice cold can of "Lacto-Kooler" - which Universal selected from a list of hundreds of craft beer brands. Commitment to Protecting and Enhancing the World of Beer Brand Integrity. Let’s say our 300 BBL taproom, with sales of $500,000 has total beer costs of $200,000. Each one of our restaurants has over 100 craft beers and ciders available in bottles or cans, and over 50 craft beer options available on tap. Two new laws — the Brewery Modernization Act and the Beer Franchise Law — will dramatically alter the craft beer industry. But that’s not quite enough to invest. The franchises listed on this page have been labeled as Beer Franchise. Voodoo Brewing Co. The Brass Tap typically operates in a 3,200-square-foot space. The franchise has signed 19. The budding burger-and-craft-beer franchise, inspired by Henry Ford himself, has signed a lease for nearly 9,000 square feet of space at 44175 West 12 Mile Road at the Fountain Walk in Novi. Ledo Pizza. closed out another great year with more flavorful craft beer and some incredible brewery franchise achievements. Craft beer is an arbitrary term, these days, but the best definition we’ve got (and generally, what the industry depends on) is that of the Brewers Association, which. closed out another great year with more flavorful craft beer and some incredible brewery franchise achievements. Founded in: 2010. Don't Miss Out! Complete Step 2 to receive your complete franchise information. S. 8% over the next five years. Q: I have no idea how to brew beer. Until the end of 2018, at least 20% of the hops and 20% of all other ingredients must be grown or produced in New York State. Average of 22. Throw in an expansive wine cellar that will store over 4000 unique bottles, 40 wine lockers and an extensive craft beer collection spotlighting 10 ice cold beers on draft and many more by the bottle. Voodoo Brew Pub at 120 E. The craft beer industry is. Franchise. The latest trend is ruling the market, and of course, presents a great business opportunity. Global Brew is a community of craft beer lovers and home to 50 beers on tap with an. We are not just a craft beer bar. SeaLegs is sure to satisfy every. In the years since, the budding burger-and-craft-beer franchise has expanded to include a total of 16 locations, including 14 in Florida and one each in Indiana and Michigan. Investment from $791,967 . Aside from helping out the local community, the Harvest Market was a great promotional tool for our Craft Beer Franchise Owners. Inspired by America’s fastest-growing industry, craft beer, Growler USA introduces a new franchise concept: The Microbrew Pub. and they will certainly share their secrets and marketing plans with approved franchisees. The burger-and-craft-beer franchise Ford’s Garage gives the vibe of being in a 1920s service station or Prohibition bar. 548. Florida-based burger-and-craft-beer franchise plans to open at least 8-10 new . 4% by microbreweries, 5. The most common. Seriously considering moving forward?.